Contents: 1 Introduction 1.1 What is operating systems 1.2 History of operating systems 1.3 Computer hardware review 1.4 The operating system zoo 1.5 Operating system concepts 1.6 System calls 1.7 Operating system structure 1.8 The world according to C 1.9 Research on operating systems 1.10 Outline of the rest of this book 1.11 Metric units 1.12 Summary 2 Processes and threads…